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, E! r& n' R* MTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" ^" Q) h4 w- T: d4 w8 G, j4 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ0 G6 Z! D5 e5 `8 k4 V
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. B) C7 z: Z2 o1 d3 O4 R( \* {: ?' Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。6 `* D) ?4 @+ l/ f/ o4 ]9 _5 f
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$ c5 V% h, l; g* \- j! bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第( }; {4 G+ r; i2 n% Z) c7 Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">50 O9 G9 o- J1 W; ^& W' Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;+ V. N3 L* i/ U/ j/ Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:6 j d5 d# O/ V6 [
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。( C. t. I( u6 K+ S: _& P
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0 [( }9 D, I* s5 \- V; Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:, I' j$ |1 {- H
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! W( z- m6 ?5 I, O/ G% y# f4 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。! J( \( P. M3 R$ V% Jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ X( A$ V9 M- v/ @5 uTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
; V$ _3 J* P' e( pmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:& C$ g; e+ m1 t4 u+ j; Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- o. u f9 Q% V( r, S! W4 G
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?2 j6 L- ]4 R- d8 x5 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”, u& G7 Y% G9 `/ v8 ^* tmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
+ J9 s6 z+ k8 g! a, Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:& S0 j9 n/ E, l _- ?0 q+ F, R) t/ g' x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。* u+ s9 W p5 p2 V# F$ l% k6 _4 Acolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。. o6 E, N1 `/ l5 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:- U/ }, c# p N2 E- ]8 M% m8 P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ v6 ] X7 n& q; }mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' K' [- y G/ M4 ^6 K
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。7 o" a% d. o$ w1 z8 g1 x! A) J+ a
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说:6 T) R5 ~* u" e: B# J
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+ p2 S' Y* @% s/ kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。4 O9 Q& V" Z2 O% s* d" q$ F7 G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 w% @5 Z1 D) ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& Z/ V( [: n: {) v# H; Amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:' e& V& T9 p, `! bmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ l" ]+ A; f: c8 g' p% M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢1 W- z; S7 M2 I/ }7 Y
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. ~% O" G) Z \ Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:4 y- ^1 ~4 t8 ~: \( {2 ?7 w' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ i3 K# B$ j7 a5 t7 k
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。$ w1 Q5 F9 n. s1 [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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, n0 H/ W" L1 z6 y8 M8 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是* `4 k9 _) \3 a( w7 z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得- [: X, s# e; S- @ Y8 W2 z! N; Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 }3 q! Y) p# J; n& m6 E. l, rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
2 M; y5 u% Z1 o! W5 E* @mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违; b# ]% j8 l l) o( _! Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">”) r6 O2 Q' U7 d+ _1 b1 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 b/ S2 H7 t4 l) ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲" R0 d% {2 N' }! m7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">“: ?; _+ e$ }0 `# H" M9 m
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?& h- @/ _5 Jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,! C$ s6 R2 ^" ~. b
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1 j+ @3 g; a3 b7 J+ Mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。8 X! B, U, H% E* o9 R+ f
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6 W V9 D4 c8 a# |5 J$ imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。# L( }3 W1 i; g' qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# l9 c! B8 b) N2 O0 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:为什么说以礼事亲才是孝?2 M8 u" D- x- {& p0 a/ m6 q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。* V; a6 b/ |. y0 S
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- y6 ]" `+ U4 ]Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义+ x. G. Q3 s3 E4 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. q! N$ p3 H% l6 Q2 g7 B1 T% X& \3 ~Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!# ~9 y' ]( U% t6 Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 O- M8 G4 M, C4 q8 u! \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
' I) a) `+ t3 f0 C; zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。- A3 w, i7 l4 C; p% Y, ~, O, Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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# I2 s, U4 x& j% f8 M; l6 k4 wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊* C0 q3 a8 Q1 R o9 R+ w' ]) jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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7 V( Q$ b1 D9 T3 N; B, sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。# I( j: y. o* Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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0 d1 _" f/ }9 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。& |1 l; d: b4 k0 M( b0 `
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3 ^8 O l/ D$ S. l( t; Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。2 N0 g- V) A" i+ H# B
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\. L1 T% F, D% F' bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:/ m4 T& k; Y$ |# R3 ^5 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。4 h2 p7 |8 O- ]1 \& umso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 N) D; g$ V* V# q1 I$ H8 g: Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 L7 L2 C' d" u! ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个4 [, P8 V* k O; z8 }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为7 Y# C& \6 G5 P* \9 o
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: w) }! A4 \ v+ V! h' u' M, Omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思8 E5 y1 u2 b" Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">
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