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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： 3 Y0 s% o1 K# h" m* s+ x. D" C1 kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:/ C. p4 p5 {" e( z& t$ _
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% ]0 t4 i. [3 Z/ H1 w2 wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第# `( A0 a( u* m6 Y* D. o
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. H( g% j7 d6 }( M. Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。. P0 L$ a6 m3 f9 a$ H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。0 g7 `3 n1 F, ]% z9 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ e5 @ U# n/ Q* a# BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。% }) k" ?8 O: [/ h$ X
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白8 H( @- n& g3 `/ u, n, m# H
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o p: e" m! _; S' _7 z' C3 }Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学! \% s9 z c. ]0 Umso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 z7 _ z/ }7 [ l
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么' J/ k' u6 V9 `. T6 V( jmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 T" ^$ t1 X1 S4 I
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7 e5 q$ {# P) n- \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？# i* L1 _: R) G' d/ J- }
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊* F1 ?: @7 D t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚" k6 l( U0 J0 _' G
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' R! m9 W3 H2 T/ w8 L: RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！: }2 s4 v! E8 w* G3 r
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, E( a" Z$ r1 U- ]# JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假( o, l# V, u0 Y, t& h6 A0 gmso-font-kerning:0pt"> % y9 l, K: i. J
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是& n. b% y. |. s8 \; y- [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题& C( R- v7 f H& X1 W- `
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2 X& c5 s5 A) |! ?& n' C" w3 S! omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。1 [! K% x+ `2 k. N, Q6 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴7 \: N$ W3 h# ]$ q& wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”( L8 P% \! a& O: |9 r+ \1 ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
P7 S' G8 h1 R W* y% u& _4 P! Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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